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What the Heck Is a Placebo Anyway?

Mother Jones

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Anton Mesmer, an 18th-century German physician, believed a mysterious force he called “animal magnetism” could be used to cure people. Mesmer’s theory was that there was invisible fluid in the body that could be controlled by magnetized objects and that disease was a result of “obstacles” to those fluids’ flow. To fight the disease, Mesmer used hypnotic procedures on his patients. At times, he would give people water he had “mesmerized” in order to cure them.

While Mesmer claimed some success with patients, he had critics. One was Benjamin Franklin, who saw Mesmer’s healing techniques for what they were: placebos. In modern medicine, a placebo is a fake medical treatment used to test out the results of real medications. The placebo effect is, essentially, the body’s response (in some instances, a very real response) to this fake treatment. In other words, Mesmer’s medications weren’t scientifically sound, but they may have made patients feel better through the power of suggestion.

Award-winning science writer Erik Vance has spent a lot of time thinking about the placebo effect. In his book, Suggestible You: The Curious Science of Your Brain’s Ability to Deceive, Transform, and Heal, Vance explores placebos, hypnosis, and how beliefs influence bodily responses to pain. “Placebos and beliefs generally is so much a part of our lives,” he tells Kishore Hari on a recent episode of the Inquiring Minds podcast. “It has an amazing power to change our bodies.”

Vance has a unique perspective on the topic: He was raised in a Christian Science household and saw a doctor for the first time when he was 18 years old. “Belief was basically my health care,” he says.

Today, placebos are used by researchers to test whether drugs are actually effective in treating medical conditions—that is, whether patients who are taking an experimental medication see better results than patients who just think they are taking one. For some conditions—Parkinson’s disease, for instance—placebos can actually be an effective treatment.

It’s hard to figure out what the precise mechanisms of the placebo effect are and how they work. But as Vance explains, we now know that they often involve real chemicals produced by the body—real drugs from your “internal pharmacy.” Some of these chemicals are used by the brain to make sure that your expectation meets reality. When expectation doesn’t meet reality, the brain steps in and forces it to fit. Parkinson’s is caused by a lack of dopamine, a chemical that, among other things, is involved in reward processing in our brains. “Expectation drives placebos,” Vance explained to National Geographic. “And dopamine is a chemical that’s very responsive to our expectations. Parkinson’s happens to be a deficiency in the very chemical that’s very important in placebo effects and rewards.”

But while the mind is powerful, it can’t do everything. Vance says there are rules at play. Many serious diseases, such as cancer and Alzheimer’s, don’t respond well to sugar pills—patients need actual medicine that has been proven more effective than placebos. “There are some places where the role of the mind to affect the body is profound,” says Vance, “and other places where it is not.”

Inquiring Minds is a podcast hosted by neuroscientist and musician Indre Viskontas and Kishore Hari, the director of the Bay Area Science Festival. To catch future shows right when they are released, subscribe to Inquiring Minds via iTunes or RSS. You can follow the show on Twitter at @inquiringshow and like us on Facebook.

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What the Heck Is a Placebo Anyway?

Posted in Brita, FF, GE, LAI, LG, ONA, oven, Radius, Uncategorized, Venta | Tagged , , , , , , , , | Comments Off on What the Heck Is a Placebo Anyway?

Energy-Saving Technologies You Should Adopt

When it comes to saving energy, many people think investing in solar power or buying an electric car are the only options. But conserving doesn’t have to be so expensive. There are numerous ways you can adopt energy-saving technologies. Between smartphones and smart appliances, you can start saving dollars and energy all at the same time. Here are a few ways to do this:

Refrigerator

Today’s smart refrigerators are more than appliances that keep food fresh. They are also energy-efficient and come with computerized touch screens that help you keep track of what’s inside, what you need to replace or buy, and help you find recipes online. The Samsung Family Hub Refrigerator is rated one of the best smart refrigerators on the market.

While they aren’t cheap, your savings in the long run come from not wasting as much food since keeping track of it all is that much simpler. You can pair some devices with the touch screen allowing you to make phone calls without even picking up your phone. Pair up your smartphone or tablet to access your refrigerator even when you aren’t home. How’s that for convenience?

Washer/Dryer

Smart washers and dryers allow you to connect to your appliances when you aren’t home. You can activate their options through an app on your smartphone or tablet, and track how much energy they are using. You can start a load of laundry when you are out and about, and you can sign up to receive notifications on its progress. These appliances also allow you to keep track of maintenance and repairs.

Range

Cut down on the amount of time you spend in the kitchen with a new smart range. Some of the newer models allow you to download an app to your smartphone or tablet and send recipes straight to the stove automatically setting the temperature and cooking time. You can also monitor a food’s cooking time and progress. This same app also lets users monitor their food’s cooking progress. Smart ranges cut back on cooking time by using infrared cooking. Perfect for the home cook who prepares several meals a day.

Nest Thermostat and Smoke Alarm

A Nest Learning Thermostat learns your heating and air preferences allowing you to save the time of programming it yourself. This can also save you money over time. The company also makes carbon monoxide alarms and smoke detectors that will alert you through your smartphone when the batteries are running low, as well as when there is a pending emergency.

Quick Charge Technology

You can change the way you charge your smartphone or tablet with Qualcomm’s Quick Charge 3.0 Technology. Devices with Snapdragon mobile processors can receive the energy-efficient, “lightning-fast” charging. This technology decreases the amount of time you spend connected to a charging cable. Select devices equipped with this technology include LG G5, HTC 10, and Lenovo ZUK Z2 Pro, to name a few

Power Adapter

Energy savings don’t always need to come by installing or doing something big. In fact, there are quite a few things you can do on a smaller scale. Charging and powering up your electronic devices can use a considerable amount of home energy.

However, companies such as Belkin offer solutions. Instead of continuously charging, these types of adapters can be set to for 30 minutes, three hours, or six hours. Once the time is up, they automatically shut off. This reduces standby power.

Saving energy doesn’t only mean installing solar panels on your roof or buying an electric car. There are many other ways people can go green. Whether you install a learning thermostat, invest in a smart appliance or find easy ways to save power with your every-day electronics, there are several energy-saving technologies that you should adopt.

About
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Jessica Oaks

Jessica Oaks is Associate Editor for Freshly Techy and a freelance technology writer.You can find her at the intersection of technology and sustainability.

Latest posts by Jessica Oaks (see all)

Energy-Saving Technologies You Should Adopt – August 9, 2016
Ecofriendly Elixir: How To Save Water By Drinking Alcohol – December 28, 2015
5 Brands Big On Saving Water – November 11, 2015

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Energy-Saving Technologies You Should Adopt

Posted in FF, G & F, GE, LG, ONA, PUR, solar, solar panels, solar power, Thermos, Uncategorized, Whirlpool | Tagged , , , , , , , , | Comments Off on Energy-Saving Technologies You Should Adopt